Why Data Mining Is The Extraction Of Knowledge From The...

Data mining is the extraction of knowledge from the various databases that was previously unknown (Musan Hunyadi, 2010). Data mining consists of using software that conglomerates artificial intelligence, statistical analysis, and systems management in the act of extracting facts and understanding from data stored in data warehouses, data marts, and through metadata (Giudici, 2005). Through algorithms and learning capabilities data mining software can analyze large amounts of data and give the management team intellectual and effective information to help them form their decisions. The intention for data mining is to analyze prevailing data and form new truths and new associations that were unknown prior to the analysis (Musan Hunyadi,†¦show more content†¦These visualization tools that are made through the management team’s queries, are synthesized with the reports. Charts, tables, and graphs can help management teams make important decisions by allowing them to see data in a quantitative view. The management team can use this new perspective to understand all areas of their query and, in turn, they can make better and more informed decisions. How Business Intelligence Systems are used Business intelligence systems are the combination of operational data and analytical tools to aid managers to comprehend the â€Å"capabilities available in the firm, the industrial trends, future development in technologies and the market and even their competitor’s actions and the resulting implications† (Wang, 2014, p. 1083). There are many ways managers can use the information a business intelligence system gives them such as understand customer behavior, analyzing competition understanding investment options, and knowledge protection. Customer Behavior The market place, even at a local level, is more competitive then it has been at any other time in history. Companies must put a major emphasis on gaining customer loyalty and understanding customer behavior in order to compete in today’s market place. Tuta et al. (2014) offer that intelligent technologies provide new options for manages to understand the market place they partake in and the competition in that market place. Customer Relationship Management systems are a new way

Improving The Learning Process For Students Of All Diverse...

Reflect on Ways of Learning Educators and its stakeholders’ are working to continually improve the learning process for students of all diverse backgrounds. Integrating these student populations requires innovation on behalf of the teachers and supporting resources. The methods that are employed may not always be agreed upon, even when they are proven to be successful and effective in less than desirable conditions. Many teachers have in some capacity proven methods of learning that include visual, auditory, and kinesthetic techniques to grasp student’s attentions and further engage their curiosities in the subject matter that is being explored. It is the roles of educators to provide objectives and an atmosphere where children of all age’s personalities are attracted to learning. Furthermore, it is fundamentally necessary for teachers to recognize these different learning styles among their students (Graf, Kinshuk, Liu, 2009). The earlier that a prominent learning style is recognize d by a teacher, the more opportunity the teacher has available to dedicate time and assist a student by providing an action plan for learning that can be implemented to assist the child in sustaining successful motivation to learn. Having familiarized myself with this week’s assignment articles reaffirmed my belief that diversity in children learning in school is critical. It is much more prominent with adults learning in the workforce where diversity is recognized. Early childhoodShow MoreRelatedCulture Is Central For Learning1500 Words   |  6 PagesCulture is central to learning. Culture plays a role not only in communicating and getting information, but it also shapes the thinking process of groups and individuals. Pedagogy recognizes, responds to, and praises the important cultures that are equitable access to education for students from all cultures. 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Without proper guidance in educational settings, children like Abedi who isRead MoreThe Adult Learner Essay On Learning Styles1437 Words   |  6 PagesChris Standerford PY554 – The Adult Learner Essay on Learning Styles Between the practice of education and the conducting of research in educational psychology, there is a divide that has formed around the effectiveness of utilizing learning styles while teaching and learning. Learning styles are defined as an individual’s mode of gaining knowledge, especially a preferred or best method (Learning Styles). Common examples of learning styles include visual learners, auditory learners, kinesthetic

The study of differential effects of Rhizomes

Question: Write a report about the study of differential effects of Rhizomes. Answer: Introduction: Sometimes when we are dealing with many factors and with a large number of experimental units, sometimes, an observation may miss due to various reasons such as carelessness, error, for reasons beyond control such as damage to an experimental unit. If there is a missing observation in RBD, randomized block design, every treatment does not occur in every block. Then, treatments are no longer orthogonal to blocks. The study of the differential effects of Rhizomes is very useful for the understanding of the nature of the rhizomes and the effects associated with the rhizomes. There are so many significant interaction produces due to the differential effects of the Rhizomes. We want to study these significant effects due to the Rhizomes. Let us see this research proposal in detail explained in the next topic. Literature Review: In the article Do rhizome severing and shoot defoliation affect clonal growth of Leymus chinensis at ramet population level? by Zhengwen Wang (2004), it is said that Leymus chinensis Tzvel is a perennial species of Gramineae usually subject to the defoliation from grazing and mowing. Researcher examine whether shoot defoliation and rhizome severing affected rhizome and ramet growth. It is observed that the defoliation affected the rhizome growth and the bud outgrowth. It is also observed that there is a little effect on shoot growth. There is a similar effect of the mild and heavy defoliation on the rhizome growth. It was observed that only heavy defoliation is significantly reduces the bud outgrowth while the mild defoliation did not reduces significantly. It is also observed the fact that shoot growth did not change after defoliation and that the bud numbers remained unchanged after mild defoliation suggest that the compensatory response enable the species to tolerate grazing to so me extent. Neither rhizome severing nor the interaction of rhizome severing and defoliation had effect on any tested variables. Lack of the effect of rhizome severing falsified the first half of our hypothesis, that is, clonal integration was unimportant in our experiment. The probable reasons were suspected to be the short duration of the experiment and/or the buffer effect of carbohydrate reserves in rhizomes for shoot growth and bud production in time of defoliation. Research Topic: Suppose we have data observed from an experiment using the treatment Biltox, Dithane, Brestan, Control. After sowing rhizomes of the mat grass in four plots in each of the three villages the above four treatments were applied at random to the plots in a village after 30 days of sowing. Unfortunately the yield of the third treatment in the third village was lost. Research Questions: It is important to establish the research questions for the research process because it provides the proper way to the research study. For this research study, we have to check the different claims regarding the differential effects of rhyzomes. The research questions for this research proposal are summarised as below: Here we want to estimate the unknown value corresponding to Bresnan. Analyze the data to find out if there are any significant treatment effects Whether the blocking effect was important or not. To answers these questions, it is important to collect the data from the differential effects of rhyzomes and use the proper research methodology for drawing conclusions. Let us see the research methodology used for this research study. Research Methodology: The first step in the research methodology for the business research study is nothing but to establish the research hypothesis or the research questions. By establishing the research questions we get the proper guideline for the research process. After establishing the research questions we need to collect the data for the variables included in the research study. For this research study we have to collect the data regarding the differential effects of rhyzomes. The given layout is that of an RBD, randomized block design where there are two sources of variation one along the treatments and one along the blocks. Let us first thoroughly go through the theory of randomized block design. Randomized block design is the simplest design that implements all the three main principles of design randomization, replication and local control. Here the experimental units can be heterogeneous with respect to some nuisance factors. Here we group the units into blocks so that the units within a bloc k are homogeneous. In a randomized block design randomization is restricted within a block. Research Techniques: There are various methods of missing data analysis one such method is Yates Method. Let one of the observations be missing denoted as X We write down the sum of squares of error in terms of x and the available data. This expression is usually a quadratic in x say SSE(x).The estimate of x is obtained as that value of x* for which SSE(x*) is minimum.SSE(x*) is the corrected SSE with degrees of freedom ve-1,where ve is the degrees of freedom of SSE had there been no missing values. The treatment sum of squares and the error sum of squares are written as the function of X and the available data. The estimate of X is obtained as X** for which SSE(x**) + SSE(x**) is minimum. This is the corrected sum of squares due to treatments with DF vt + ve-1 where vt is the df of SST had there been no missing observations. To test the differential effects of the treatments the sum of squares due to the hypothesis is SSHo=SST(x**) + SSE(x**)-SSE(x*) which has degrees of freedom vt. Data collection: We know that the data collection is very important for the purpose of carrying out the research process. After sowing rhizomes of the mat grass in four plots in each of the three villages the above four treatments were applied at random to the plots in a village after 30 days of sowing. Unfortunately the yield of the third treatment in the third village was lost. The available yields in gm of 1 rgft. cutting per plot after 120 days are given below. Treatment Village 1 2 3 Biltox 678 10 531 Dithane 703 689 611 Bresnan 736 574 * Control 556 510 500 Data Analysis: Here we use missing plot technique as we have one data point missing. This algorithm is suggested by Yates. Here at first we write down the SSE as a quadratic in x. The estimate of x is X* which is the value of X for which SSE is minimum SSE then from SSE(X*) we get the corrected SSE. Next we write SST + SSE in quadratic of x then we find X** which is the value of X for which SST+SSE is minimum. This is the corrected sum of squares due to the treatments. Here the given layout is that of an RBD (Randomized Block Design) with 3 villages as 3 blocks and 4 treatments. Let, yij denote the response variable of I th village and jth treatment. Here y33 is missing. Let,y33=x B3=sum of available observations in 3 rd block=1642 T3= sum of available observations in 3 rd treatment=1310 G= sum of all available observations=6298 Here r= number of blocks=3 v= number of treatments=4 Now x==x*=594.667 SSE(X*)=11535.9 with degrees of freedom 6 Now, X**==547.33 SSHO(X**,X*)=SST(X**)+SSE(X**)-SSE(X*)=34892.3 Suppose we want to test the differential effects of the treatments i.e. whether the yield of mat grass depends on the treatments or not . We want to test Hot:T1==T4=0 against H1t:Not Hot The test statistic is given by Ft=*() ~ Fv-1,rv-r-v Reject Hot against H1t if obs. (Ft) Fv-1,rv-r-v,alpha A project plan using a Gantt chart A Gantt chart is the chart of the proper time management for the different activities included in the research study. For this research study we have to perform different activities for the purpose of data collection and data analysis. The general Gantt chart for this research project is given as below: Activity Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 Study of research topic Data collection Experiment Data collection Readings Checking assumptions Handling problem with missing data entries Statistical data analysis by using Minitab or SPSS Research outcomes Research Outcomes: For this research study, the research outcomes are summarised as below: Now if we take level of significance=alpha=0.05 Then Fv-1,rv-r-v,alpha=6.59138 Obs.(Ft)=5.04112 So we can conclude that Ho is accepted at 5% level of significance hence the treatment effects do not differ significantly. We can also test whether there is any difference in the blocks or not, if the block effects are significantly different then we might have succeeded in achieving local control. But if block effects are not significantly different then there may be 2 cases, firstly our data was already homogeneous so there was no need of blocking otherwise we have failed to make the blocks. If we have succeeded in making the blocking effect significantly different there may be the case of the variability due to error which can be easily solved by just modifying the Model. References: Kazmier,J,2009,Schaum's Outline of Business Statistics, Schaum's Outlines, USA Mood, Graybill, Boes, Introduction to the theory of Statistics, McGraw-Hill, USA Yule, An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, Andesitte Press,2015,London Ross, S, Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists, 2014, Academic Press, London Antony, J, Design of Experiments for Engineers and Scientists,2003,Butterworth Limited, U.S.A Sheldon, R, Introductory Statistics,2006,cbspd,USA Schervish, Mark J. (1995). Theory of statistics (Corr. 2nd print. ed.). New York: Springer Moses, Lincoln E. (1986) Think and Explain with Statistics, Addison-Wesley Hays, William Lee, (1973) Statistics for the Social Sciences, Holt, Rinehart and Winston Rubin, Donald B.; Little, Roderick J. A., Statistical analysis with missing data, New York: Wiley 2002 Mosteller, F., Tukey, J. W. (1977). Data analysis and regression. Boston: Addison-Wesley. Mann, Prem S. (1995). Introductory Statistics (2nd ed.). Wiley. Babbie, Earl R. (2009). The Practice of Social Research (12th ed.). Wadsworth. Nick, Todd G. (2007). "Descriptive Statistics". Topics in Biostatistics. New York: Springer.

Business Entrepreneurship Management Exception

Question: Describe about the Business Entrepreneurship for Management Exception. Answer: Introduction Almost without exception, academic research on entrepreneurship is stimulated with the aid of the financial blessings of entrepreneurship (Aldrich Waldinger, 2010). Most research check with one or academic research showing that entrepreneurship certainly ends in sizeable advantages in terms of, for instance, employment era or improvements. However, whether the stated reference changed into one of the few out of many research that took place to find supportive proof is not always yet clear. This paper examines to what quantity recent empirical proof can systematically substantiate this declaration. Entrepreneurs and their counterparts are described and as compared in terms of their contribution to the introduction of financial value. Consequently, the purpose is to review latest empirical literature that offers an (statistically supported) answer to the subsequent question: what is the economic fee of entrepreneurs in contrast to their counterparts, i.e. non-entrepreneurs? Primarily based on empirical studies into this problem, we arrive at four measures to quantify the financial price of entrepreneurs. For this reason, we answer the following specific questions: what is the contribution of marketers to: Employment, technology and dynamics Innovation Productiveness and increase, relative to the contributions of the marketers counterparts A fourth form of contribution that we look at is the role of entrepreneurship in growing the society. Shockingly, given the importance of demonstrating the relationship amongst entrepreneurship and monetary results, this paper is the principal audit of the (essential) experimental writing here. All the more decisively, it is the principal audit of top notch financial aspects and administration thinks about, concentrating on different sorts of commitments that business people can make to the economy as far as quantifiable measures and assessing the business visionaries' execution in these zones with respect to their partners, i.e. bigger, more seasoned or occupant firms. In these faculties, our review is one of a kind (Alvarez Barney, 2011). Other than underlining what our review may contribute, it is likewise advantageous to recognize what it does not contribute. Monetary or administration hypotheses concerning why and how business visionaries would contribute too particular parts of financial esteem creation, for example, work or development, are excluded. They are past the extent of our review and given elsewhere, with respect to occurrence in Paker et al (2010) and in a significant number of the reviews inspected. We just give a (somewhat intensive) diagram of experimental reviews to assess the degree of commitments to monetary esteem production of business people by and by. Uniqueness of Thanaphols Idea The idea of Thanaphol is one of a kind in that he is willing to take a risk in the birds nest market. This is perhaps due to the skills in marketing and production skills. Entrepreneurship is thought to be a key consider advancing monetary improvement, advancement, aggressiveness and facilitating employment; however, there is slight thought concerning the aptitudes needed for an effective private enterprise. Studies and have centered on the circumstances important for entrepreneurship - ordinarily characterized regarding the production of innovative pursuits - to succeed. Abilities of entrepreneurship matters have tended to basically in connection to the training framework. Late examinations by Hayton (2015), proposed that there exist a lack inside a significant extent of some small and medium-sized endeavors in connection to aptitudes of entrepreneurs. Such aptitude inadequacies might go about as an imperative on the development of numerous SMEs. With a specific end goal to investigate this issue in more detail, BIS reviewed the strategy audit, which concentrates on comprehension the way of entrepreneurship aptitudes and investigating the degree to which, and the routes in which, open approach may bolster the advancement of such abilities. The term abilities of entrepreneurship infers that capabilities may perhaps be recognized, which are connected to (fruitful) entrepreneurs, moreover it might be recognized from properties and practices which ordinarily concern business people. The open deliberation in the matter of whether and additionally how entrepreneurship (abilities) can be educated is vital to this review. In the event that it can be set up that a few aptitudes of entrepreneurship may possibly be recognized/connected, there might be a case for strategy mediation to fortify enhanced business execution, intensity, advancement and employment creation. Key findings in research on Entrepreneurship According to Arbuthnott von Friedrichs (2013), the following are the key finding in entrepreneurship: Obviously, intercessions reliable with the run of the mill businesspersons inclination for empirical knowledge are destined to be fruitful in creating aptitudes concerning entrepreneurship. By and large abnormal amounts of entrepreneurship aptitudes are connected with fitness during the time spent open door distinguishing proof (as well as creation), the capacity to profit by recognized open doors and a scope of abilities connected with creating and executing strategies for success to empower such chances to be figured it out. Signs are there in writing that aptitudes concerning entrepreneurship and related advancement requirements can change by sexual orientation, traditions as well as area; nevertheless, confirmation is not conclusive and additional assessments could clear this up. The correspondence that it is conceivable to recognize a scope of aptitudes which may possibly be classified in the expansive heading of abilities of entrepreneurship which may, to a certain degree, be recognized from management and leadership abilities that give off an impression of being most applicable to bigger associations. The first thing that Thanaphol should do Prior to seeking out at the writing in extra element, it is functional to think hastily about the opportunity of "mastery" and its connection to a business venture. Chell (2013) saw that ability shows capability in execution and may be better through practice and get prepared'. She proceeds to explicit that capacities are multidimensional creates; they include the scholarly records and what is learnt; the affordable keen expression and what's experienced; the direct movement at key, key and character stages; and the exciting condition, phrase associated, career and errand degrees. This is a useful structure inner which to fathom the aptitudes that are required remembering the ultimate goal to be a productive agent, the ways that these capacities are secured and the potential for big commercial enterprise aptitudes to be made and stepped forward in the placing of present tries of entrepreneurship. Furthermore, evaluations of the important thing writing regarding the approach for enterprise, staring at the data, aptitudes and bounds of marketers and innovators are numerous and numerous, yet as with individual qualities, they interface with circumstances (Chell, 2013). A repercussion of such discernments is even as there are a few personal feature which are related to a commercial lead, on a valuable stage it is feasible to understand 'entrepreneurial capacities' which may perhaps be studied, furthermore upgraded, in this manner enhancing the potential outcomes of business survival and advancement. What's more, experiential realizing associated with specific conditions or possibly issues will most likely be viable in making business venture capacities than classroom-based learning. There is a protracted-walking speculative and correct verbal showdown approximately the technique for business, which has fundamental consequences for discoursed as for the method for big business aptitudes and how much (and the guides in which) they might be learnt. This record does no longer talk those realistic examinations in detail; however, a essential perception of the key complexities in setting is important remembering the closing goal to understand the capacities that are required for effective entrepreneurial interest. Chell (2013) specializes in the dominating 'open entryway affirmation' idea which portrays the part of the professional surely like the person who finds new open entryways that beginning now exist and consequently makes (or abuses) those open entryways. This is unfaltering with Hayton's (2015) definition outlined out above. Carter et al, (2013) brings up developing a liberal and creating collection of composing that there are different fighting points of view of the business technique that may have fluctuating repercussions for our perception of enterprise aptitudes. In particular, different audits have prescribed that the making of new open entryways, not the disclosure of viably existing open entryways, lie at the heart of the entrepreneurial technique. Besides, while the individual traits, learning and attributes of the agent are imperative in this strategy (Armstrong, 2013), distinct experts conspicuously (Carter et al, 2013) - highlight the a portion of frameworks organization and 'effectuate', with enterprise being to a more prominent degree a total, iterative process than was at that point thought. Various variations of the 'open door creation' approach can be distinguished; in any case, the key difficulty from the point of view of this evaluate is the notion that effective entrepreneurship includes greater than the qualities or potentially aptitudes of the man or woman. Even as most investigations of entrepreneurship focus on the start-up technique, it's miles sensible to propose that an combination model of entrepreneurial mastering and activity is suitable to recognize the survival or potentially improvement intervals of the commercial enterprise life cycle and the aptitudes required to accomplish development. General course of action for Thanaphol A similarly department of small businesses and the entrepreneurship writing that concerned with the survival and development of little ventures is likewise relevant right here. Another time, the writing is endless and diverse and isn't surveyed in element in this record. Anyways, it is valuable to notice that hypothetical and specific critiques are unsure approximately the connection among person competencies, methods to deal with technique and the survival/improvement of impartial companies. One school of thought proposes that enterprise humans might be enticed to 'lay on their trees' and rehash past practices on the (often inaccurate) supposition that this could result in proceeded with achievement. To the degree that this contention has legitimacy, it can be reasoned that just further improving the modern entrepreneurship aptitudes of the proprietor/administrator might not be the maximum fitting direction to development. Distinct reviews have inquired about the part of device definition and selection by private companies, with blended outcomes. For instance, Armstrong (2013) proposes that selection of procedures in light of firms' present interior assets expands the odds of development, additionally diminishes the shot of continued existence. As the outcomes are uncertain, entrepreneurs propose that alertness is needed in taking risks in relation to the results for continued existence or development of expanded entrepreneurship abilities and additionally systems construct exclusively in light of the past achievement of individual organizations. Major skills of a Successful Entrepreneur Various writing survey underpins a vast amount of the recent ideas with respect to where skills are critical for effective entrepreneurship consisting of: Recognizing consumers requirements, particular openings in a market, as outlined by Hayton Making of a new opportunity Perceiving societal requirements Fruitful visionaries could notice (or make) a prospect followed by learning appropriate expertise to benefit from the prospect As perceived, instead of being a specific game plan of aptitudes in their individual specific right, such may perhaps be connected to scrupulous character features in addition to practices, which specialists consistently show, and may similarly reflect the one of a kind circumstances (portion, spatial, approach etc.) inside which they work. Concluding Remarks Our assessment affirms that it is conceivable to distinguish an arrangement of aptitudes that can be portrayed as 'entrepreneurship abilities, which are unmistakable from albeit firmly identified with acknowledged meanings of leadership and management aptitudes. aptitudes concerning entrepreneurship are connected with capability during the time spent open door distinguishing proof (or potentially creation), the capacity to benefit from recognized open doors and a scope of abilities connected with creating and actualizing marketable strategies to empower such chances to be figured it out. Inquiries about proposes that focusing of entrepreneurship aptitudes activities would be suitable as far as accomplishing most extreme effect from the speculation of open assets. Additional studies might be needed to achieve a stronger ending; nevertheless, this assessment recommends that the principle measurements considered in focusing on be: Development introduction/capability of individual organizations, recognizing 'high fliers' and the 'center ground' Self-surveyed expertise needs, and comparable activities Lastly, this analysis recommends that the 'strategy' of organizations with self-reported pitiable aptitudes concerning entrepreneurship may possibly not be a productive aim in advancement terms; on the other hand a concern is there to investigate the development desire (or deficiency in that department) among that grouping request to distinguish a sub-gathering that may profit by arrangement intercession. Current UK activities are aiding focused on (and fundamentally self-chosen) organizations to build up their entrepreneurship aptitudes and give cases of good and compelling practice. References: Aldrich, H. Waldinger, R. (2010) Ethnicity and Entrepreneurship, Annual Review of Sociology, 16: 111-135 Alvarez, S. and Barney J. (2011) Discovery and creation, Alternative theories of entrepreneurial action, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 1(1): 11-27 Arbuthnott, A. von Friedrichs, Y. (2013) Entrepreneurial renewal in a peripheral region: the case of a winter automotive-testing cluster in Sweden, Entrepreneurship Regional Development: An International Journal, 25 (5-6): 371-403. Armstrong, C. E. (2013) Competence or flexibility, Survival and growth implications of competitive strategy among small US businesses, Journal of Strategy and Management, 6(4): 377-398 Baum J. and Locke, E. (2014) The relationship of entrepreneurial traits, skill and motivation to subsequent venture growth. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(4): 587-598. Blazenko G., Pavlov A. and Eddy-Sumeke F. (2012) New venture start-ups and technological innovation, International Journal of Managerial Finance, 8 (1): 4 35 Carter S., Ram, M., Trehan, K. and Jones, T. (2013) Diversity and SMEs, Enterprise Research Centre, White Paper no. 3 Chandler G. and Jansen E. (2012) The founder's self-assessed competence and venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 7(3): 223-236 Chell, E. (2013) Review of skill and the entrepreneurial process, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research, 19(1): 6-31 Department for Business Innovation and Skills (2012) Business Growth Ambitions among SMEs: final report Doloreux, D. and Dionne S. (2011) Is regional innovation system development possible in peripheral regions, Some evidence from the case of La Pocatire, Canada. Entrepreneurship Regional Development: An International Journal, 20 (3): 259-283 Eraydin, A; Armatli-Koroglu, B; Uzun, N. (2012) Importance of social capital in coping with and benefiting from new economic conditions, Journal of Economic and Social Geography. 103. (2):222 239 Hayton, J (2015) Leadership and Management Skills in SMEs, Warwick Business School, Department of Business, Industry and Skills Parker, S., Storey, D. and Witteloostuijn, A. (2010) What happens to gazelles, The importance of dynamic strategy. Small Business Economics, Volume 35, pp. 203-226 Smith G. (2014) Empowering Entrepreneurs, Accelerating Growth, Progress Report on the Goldman Sachs 10,000 Small Businesses UK Program Volery, T., Mueller, S. Siemens, B. (2015) Entrepreneur ambidexterity: A study of entrepreneur behaviors and competencies in growth-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises, International Small Business Journal, 33(2): 109-129 Wang, Q. (2012) Ethnic Entrepreneurship Studies in Geography, A Review, Geography Compass, 6 (4): 227240. Zhou, M. (2014) Revisiting Ethnic Entrepreneurship: Convergences, Controversies, and Conceptual Advancements, International Migration Review 38 (3): 1040-1074